Frank Klemm's Musepack Page
The author of the file format and the original coder and decoder is Andree Buschmann.
His Musepack web page and work you can find at:
http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/user/73884/audiocoder.html
Form for bug reports:
BUGREPORT
Contents:
News
History of this web page
First Tries of an Encoder
Decoder Source
Encoder Source
Precompiled Decoder Binaries (16 bit output)
Precompiled Decoder Binaries (16 . . . 32 bit output)
Precompiled Encoder Binaries
Monkey's Audio (APE) source and binaries
Precompiled Test Encoder Binaries
ReplayGain
Audio Links
WinAMP and XMMS plugins
Disclaimer
Other audio information on this site:
Typical envelope for different K-settings
Test cases
Audio file naming proposal
Kopierschutz (in German)
Time resolution of different coding technologies
Clipping of CDs (700 KB images)
Some remarks about tagging
Listening Tests
ECC codes
Gain controller mess
News
LATEST: XMMS plugin (experimental version 0.96) ![[New!]](img/new.gif)
- Can now read the following tag types
- APE V2.0 tags
- ID3 V1.0 and ID3 V1.1
- Encoded parameters in the filename using some of the allowed encoding schemes
- For output formating the following item are added
- '0' or 'N': Track number, 0...999 possible
- 'y': Release data in the form ' (YYYY)' if Release date is available
- other aliases for %1, %2, %3 which are used in WinAMP (have someone a list of them ???)
- Temporary removed
- Editing of ID3 V1.1 tags
- Removing of ID3 V1.1 tags
Has this someone used?? The edit dialog has no box to enter the track number!!
And also note that a correctly tagged track number was destroyed when editing a tag!!
-->> Will be added when some needed dialog boxes are available.
- Serveral bug fixes, so ID3 tags crashed the system after decoding 240 files
(a file handle was not closed, so after ca. 240 files you reached the typical OS limit)
- Equalizer uses the frequencies of 32/63/125/250/500 Hz, 1/2/4/8/16 kHz
-->> will be selectable when some GUI elements are available for that
- "Equalizing" for some headphones possible (currently only selectable during compile time).
-->> Will be added in a more comfortable form when a select box is available
- Bug fix in the equalizer (range was actually +/-40 dB instead +/-20 dB)
- Some code cleanup
- A lot of other stuff I do not remember . . .
LATEST: Alpha 1.15f
- Encoder/Decoder 1.15f
- Less problems with highly tonal music
LATEST: Final 1.1 version
- Encoder/Decoder 1.1 Release
Documention of File Format of StreamVersion 8 started
- SV8 file format proposal
- Additional hints and proposals are welcomed.
- Format is able to store MPEG Layer II streams and StreamVersion 4 . . . 7 streams
- Started support of direct encoding of OptimFROG files
WinAMP tagger + file info preview
Note: There will be also a simple version which runs at 640x480.
New replaygain calculation tool (0.81a)
- Headroom can be displayed in dB instead of the maximum sample value
(--listdB, --listalldB, --autodB)
- Some support into the direction "Auto Album Support" -- recognize albums in a larger list of files
(if audio files are named by a useful pattern:
- album -- [no] artist -- title.mpc
- artist -- album -- [no] title.mpc
- artist/album -- [no] title.mpc
- artist/album/[no] title.mpc
- album -- no -- artist -- title.mpc
- artist -- album -- no -- title.mpc
- artist/album -- no -- title.mpc
- artist/album/no -- title.mpc
- more information in the next days . . .
- Bugfix, sometimes the replaygain was wrongly written into the file (only Windows)
- Display of album based values also in the --list and --auto mode
- Display of maximum values at th end of all files in --list and --listall mode
- See examples and references here
Manual (nearly ready for mppdec, started for mppenc):
History of this web page
I've downloaded the original decoder source code (version 1.7.6) in January 2001 and tried to understand the code.
The result is an enhanced decoder with improved speed, quality, features, portability and readablity.
Some of these changes were merged back in the original decoder of Andree Buschmann,
so also this decoder got a speed improvement of 60% to 100%.
Typical speeds I measured:
CPU
| Speed
| | CPU
| Speed
|
| Intel 386SX/20 | 0.0028x | | Pentium III-866 | 142x |
| Intel 386SX/20 + IIT 387SX | 0.06x | | Athlon 700 | 162x |
| Motorola 68040/40 | 0.94x | | Pentium 4/1.3 | 184x |
| Pentium 133 | 7x | | Pentium 4/1.7 | 240x |
| Pentium 233 MMX | 11x | | Athlon 1333 | 306x |
| Pentium II-300 | 28x | | Athlon 1400 | 321x |
| K6-2-300 | 43x | | Pentium 4/3.2 | 440x |
Speed/GHz: i386+ITT: 3, 68040: 24, Pentium: 53, P2: 93, K6-2: 143, P4: 144, P3: 164, Athlon: 232
This shows in the last 10 years CPUs really become faster, although there are a lot of applications tempting to assume the opposite . . .
I have not seen one of AMD new Palomino CPUs so I don't know what is faster: The SSE or the 3DNow! engine.
Advantages of this Decoder:
- really fast!
- direct support of Audio devices under UNIX, Solaris and Windows!
- realtime support on Unix and POSIX 1.b
- support of AMDs 3DNow! and Intels SSE
- support of reading ID3 tags (version 1 and 1.1)
- multiple files support
- runs also on 16 and 64 bit CPUs, not only on 32 bit
- needs less memory
- 32 bit, dithering and noise shaping support, (explanation)
- Microsoft WAVE, Apple AIFF and Raw PCM support
Features still missing:
- resync on errors
- audio support also for other Operating Systems, Rewind/Review/Cue/Fast Forward support
- Divide decoder into lib and frontend
Precision (measured with "Brothers in Arms" by Dire Straits):
Version
| Samples different from
80 bit calculations
| SNR reduction |
| 64 bit C-Code | 0 Samples: 0.000 % | 0.000 dB |
| 32 bit C-Code | 9523 Samples: 0.026 % | 0.005 dB |
| 3DNow!/SSE-Code | 12358 Samples: 0.033 % | 0.006 dB |
| 1.7.6a version | 49.826 % | 6.005 dB |
| 1.7.8a version | 9528 Samples: 0.026 % | 0.006 dB |
Samples always differ by only +/- 1.
Note: Recommentations and bug reports are welcomed (use a realname and a valid e-Mail address!).
First Tries of an Encoder
Typical speeds I measured:
CPU
| Speed
| | CPU
| Speed
|
| Intel 386SX/20 | 0.00024x | | Pentium III-850 | 6.0x |
| Intel 386SX/20 + IIT 387SX | ? | | Athlon 700 | 7.8x |
| Pentium 133 | ? | | Pentium 4/1.3 | 8.7x |
| Pentium 233 MMX | ? | | Pentium 4/1.7 | 11.7x |
| Pentium II-300 | 2.45x | | Athlon 1333 | 14.6x |
| K6-2-300 | ? | | Athlon 1400 | 15.4x |
| Celeron 500 | 3.6x | | | |
| K6-2-400 | 1.0x | | K6-III-420 | 1.5x |
Speed/GHz: i386: 0.012, P4: 6.8, Celeron: 7.2, P2: 8.2, P3: ca.8, Athlon: 10.9
Advantages of this Encoder:
- ca. 35% faster
- support of 8 . . . 32 bit linear PCM
- can encode also encode 1 channel files and multi channel files (only first two channels are encoded)
- support of directly reading LPAC lossless compressed PCM files
(works under Linux and Windows)
- support of directly reading FLAC lossless compressed PCM files
(works under Linux; Windows-FLAC do not work)
- support of directly reading SZIP lossless compressed PCM files
(works under Linux and Windows)
- support of directly reading Shorten lossless by shorten compressed PCM files
(works under Linux, Windows untested)
- support of directly reading OptimFROG lossless by optimfrog compressed PCM files
(works under Linux and Windows)
- Can directly read from a pipe (max. 27 hours of audio possible)
- Support of WAVE files with 2...4 GByte (if file system supports this)
- some minor bug fixes (which do NOT affect audio quality)
- smoother fade in and out
- support of very verbose --verbose --verbose
Still missing:
- bass fake protection
- SV8 support
- much much more . . .
Note: Recommentations and bug reports are welcomed (use a realname and a valid e-Mail address!).
Decoder Source:
Note (only for Intel x86): For maximum speed you need NASM, the Netwide Assembler.
Otherwise you must translate without NASM support (#undef USE_ASM).
Current release version: 1.1, 2002-03-25 (ISO 8601).
Edit mpp.h and select the features which are possible or you need.
Edit the Makefile to add compiler options and libraries you need.
WinAMP:
XMMS source
- Not supported anymore. Development dropped (Will be derived from the WinAMP plugin when WinAMP plugin becomes stable).
- xmms-0.98.zip
- Note: There are some files in the parent directory of in the install directory
Encoder Source:
PGP encrypted for selected persons
Current encoder source: 1.1, 2002-03-25 (ISO 8601).
Current source: 1.93, 2002-10-25 (ISO 8601).
Precompiled Decoder Binaries (16 bit output): (zipped with zip/pkzip/winzip)
Download, unzip and copy the file to a location in your path (usually /usr/local/bin or /usr/bin).
Set the owner to root and the rights to 4755 if you wish to use a higher priority of the program for audio playback (only UNIX).
Currently I'm transforming als binaries to the notation:
program-version-operatingsystem-CPU-library-linking.zip
(Example: mppdec-0.98q-linux-IA32-libc6-static.zip)
Linux:
- For XMMS plugins see here.
- Intel (1.1, libc6 dynamic linked, ca. 28 KB)
- Intel (1.1, libc6 static linked, ca. 165 KB)
- Intel (0.99d, libc5 dynamic linked, ca. 19 KB) Patrick Piecha
- Intel (0.99d, libc5 static linked, ca. 87 KB) Patrick Piecha
- Intel (0.97, static linked against dietlibc/libc6, ca. 29 KB)
- Alpha (0.95i, dynamic linked, ca. 27 KB) (untested)
- Alpha (0.95i, static linked, ca. 196 KB) (untested)
- PPC (0.95i, dynamic linked, ca. 24 KB) (untested)
- PPC (0.95i, static linked, ca. 137 KB) (untested)
- UltraSPARC (0.95i, dynamic linked, ca. 25 KB) (untested)
- UltraSPARC (0.95i, static linked, ca. 158 KB) (untested)
Other Operating Systems:
- For WinAMP plugins see here.
- MacOS X (1.1, PPC, ca. 48 KB) Sumeet Agarwal
- BeOS (0.98, ca. 29 KB)
- Windows (1.1, Intel, ca. 44 KB)
- Windows (0.97t, Intel, ca. 44 KB) WITH HUGE AUDIO BUFFER for slow machines
- MS-DOS (0.97f, Intel, needs a 286 and a numeric coprocessor, ca. 26 KB)
- AIX (IBM RS-6000, ca. 24 KB)
- Solaris (0.97, UltraSPARC, dynamic linked, ca. 23 KB) Patrick Piecha
- Solaris (0.97, UltraSPARC, static linked, ca. 128 KB) Patrick Piecha
- FreeBSD (0.95i, Intel, dynamic linked, ca. 27 KB) (untested)
- FreeBSD (0.95i, Intel, static linked, ca. 137 KB) (untested)
- HP-UX (0.97, PA-RISC) (untested) Hannes Just
Unsorted:
- Windows (0.97x, 16 bit output, Intel, Intel Compiler, 7 different target CPUs) (untested) Hannes Just
- Windows (0.97x, 32 bit output, Intel, Intel Compiler, 7 different target CPUs) (untested) Hannes Just
- Windows (0.97m, 16 bit output, Intel, Intel Compiler, 4 different target CPUs) (untested) Dibrom
- Windows (0.97m, 32 bit output, Intel, Intel Compiler, 4 different target CPUs) (untested) Dibrom
- Windows (0.98g, 16 bit output, Intel) (untested) Dmitry
I'm still searching for compiled and tested executables for:
- AmigaOS: 680x0
- BeOS: x86
- Irix: MIPS, x86
- MacOS 7/8: 680x0, PPC
- NeXTStep: 680x0
- OpenStep: x86
- Open/Free/NetBSD: x86, PPC
- OSF/Digital Unix: Alpha
- OS/2: x86
- Solaris: SPARC
- Sun OS: SPARC, UltraSPARC
Test cases (taken from http://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio/):
Precompiled Decoder Binaries (16 . . . 32 bit output): (zipped with zip/pkzip/winzip)
Linux:
- Intel (1.1, libc6 dynamic linked, ca. 84 KB)
- Intel (1.1, libc6 static linked, ca. 495 KB)
- Intel (0.97, static linked against dietlibc/libc6, ca. 29 KB)
- Intel (1.1, libc5 dynamic linked, ca. 28 KB)
- Intel (1.1, libc5 static linked, ca. 165 KB)
Other Operating Systems:
Usage:
- Executable(s) will generate 16, 24 or 32 bit stereo WAV files
- Select with the --bit option the desired valid bits (8 . . . 32 possible):
mppdec16 --bits 16 Input.mpc Output16.wav
- Enable with the --shape x option Noise Shaping if desired:
mppdec24 --shape 2 Input.mpc Output24.wav
- Select the desired dither with the --dither option, useful are values from 0.0 (no dither) until 1.7, default is 1.25 if there is no noise shaping, 0.0 with noise shaping:
mppdec32 --dither 1.1 Input.mpc Output32.wav
- If your soundcard driver supports 24 bits:
mppdec24 Input.mpc /dev/dsp
How to roll your own:
- You need at least the source version 0.96a
- Edit mpp.h and enable MAKE_32BIT, compile and install
Other remarks:
- Currently no good overdrive strategy available
- Speed is something around 12 . . . 36 % of the 16 bit version
Precompiled Encoder Binaries: (zipped with zip/pkzip/winzip)
Download, unzip and copy the file to a location in your path (usually /usr/local/bin or /usr/bin).
Set the owner to root and the rights to 4755 if you wish to use a idle or higher priority of the program (only Unix).
Linux:
- Intel (1.1, libc6 dynamic linked, ca. 325 KB)
- Intel (1.15q, libc6 dynamic linked, ca. 325 KB)
- Intel (1.1, libc6 static linked, ca. 313 KB)
Other Operating Systems:
Monkeys Audio (APE): ![[Monkey]](img/monkey.gif)
Precompiled Test Encoder Binaries: (zipped with zip/pkzip/winzip)
The purpose for Test Encoder Binaries are listening tests and NOT FOR ARCHIVAL.
The file format can change every day, so for testing use the newest decoder source and compile it with StreamVersion 8 support on.
The purpose of StreamVersion 8 is not to reduce the typical bitrate, but to increase quality, robustness and handling. Typical bitrates will always around 170 kbps for transparent encoding.
Linux:
- Intel (1.93a, libc6 dynamic linked, ca. 325 KB)
Other Operating Systems:
ReplayGain:
Purposes:
- equalize loudness of titles or whole CDs while preserving the dynamic within titles and CDs
(manually or automatically, as you like it)
- secure clipping prevention
- all should be reversible, you can reset or ignore the loudness settings
- initial idea of replay gain: David Robinson, see www.replaygain.org/
- see also: www.digido.com/integrated.html/
You need:
Linux:
Windows:
Other OS:
How does it works:
- Encode your Audio files with mppenc without scaling (i.e. without --scale x.xxx).
This only stores the not so very useful peak level of the original WAV file
- Set the parameters for every file with replaygain. This will
determine 4 exact values which can be used to equalize loudness and
secure avoid clipping
- Play the files with the command line tool, XMMS, WinAMP or Media Jukebox
(be sure that all copies of the plugin are replaced)
- Within XMMS you can switch on/off this feature in the plugin configuration menu
- Within XMMS you can switch on/off this feature in the plugin configuration menu
Bugs:
- replaygain could work 80% faster if it would be optimized.
- replaygain only handles MPC files (yet)
- Loudness evaluation works, but there are still pieces of music which are louder than others
No bugs are:
- Clipping prevention can REDUCE loudness, this is the task of clipping prevention to prevent clipping. Okay?
- Humans think that less loudness is less quality. This was right when audio equipment had 40 . . . 60 dB Signal-to-Noise ratio, but not today.
- Humans think that more loudness is more quality. This has something to do with the sexual selection process of the Neanderthaler. The louder you can cry the more woman you can have! But I think: The louder you cry, the more ugly and more distored your voice is and the faster you are divored ;-)
- That with loudness equalization silent titles become louder and loud titles are more silent.
- VERY LOUD, dynamic compressed, treble boosted and pre-clipped CD titles which are optimized for Ghettoblaster sound and Advertising financed private radio stations can become much more silent.
- Titles which were clipped on CD couldn't be repaired by replaygain.
- clipping below 0 dB because of buggy D/A converters or buggy drivers (also known as AC-97)
Examples: (note that Microsoft's Compiler currently only supports one indirection, Unix multiple until a certain degree)
Audio Links:
General
MPEG-1/2 Layer 1 (.mp1)
- 32x PQF encoder
- also known as PASC (Precision Adaptive Subband Coding)
- Only used in Philips DCC in 1992 . . . 1996 with 384 kbps
MPEG-1/2 Layer 2 (.mp2)
- 32x PQF encoder
- also known as: Musicam (Masking pattern adapted Universal Subband Integrated Coding And Multiplexing)
- used on Video Disk, ADR, DVB, typical data rates are 192 kbps, 224 kbps, 256 kbps
- members.dingoblue.net.au/~mikecheng/ - tooLame, Layer 2 encoder
.mpc Musepack / MPEGplus (.mp+ / .mpc)
MPEG-1/2 Layer 3 (.mp3)
MPEG-2/4 Advanced Audio Coding (.aac)
MPEG-4 TwinVQ (.vqf)
MPEG-2 Video / MPEG-2 System Stream (.mpeg)
MPEG-4 Video / MPEG-4 System Stream (.mpeg)
Ogg Vorbis (.ogg)
- MDCT with 128/1024 sample advance
- www.vorbis.com/ - Ogg Vorbis Homepage
- www.xiph.org/ogg/vorbis/ - Ogg Vorbis Developer Homepage
- Note: Ogg is a container format and can contain also other formats like FLAC
Dolby Digital (.ac3)
Dolby Surround EX
- Also known as: Dolby SR-EX, used in Cinema (1999)
- 3/3.1 channels
- Similar to Dolby Digital, uses a rear center speaker which is computed by the other two rear channels in a similar way than Dolby Surround Pro Logic
- www.kinoteam.de/kt/kt_ton_61.html -
Digital Theater Systems (.dts)
DTS ES
- 3/3.1 channels
- Similar to Dolby Digital, uses a rear center speaker which is computed by the other two rear channels in a similar way than Dolby Surround Pro Logic
- www.kinoteam.de/kt/kt_ton_61.html -
DTS ES discrete
- 3/3.1 channels
- 3 discrete (independent) rear channels, a real 6.1 system
Sony Dynamic Digital Sound (.sdds)
Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding 1 (ATRAC) (used on Minidisk)
- 2 cascaded QMF + 256/64 for Band 1, 256/64 for Band 2, 512/64 for Band 3 tap MDCT
- typicial data rate is 292 kbps
- minidisc.org/
Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding 2/3 (ATRAC3) (used on Minidisk LP)
Low bitrate and mobile speech coding
Ogg / Speex
| Norm | bitrate (kbps) | coding | used by |
| ITU-T G.711 | 64 | non linear PCM
(A-law / µ-law) | ISDN |
| ITU-T G.726 | 16, 24, 32, 40 | ADPCM | DCME |
| ITU-T G.723.1 | 5.3
6.3 | ACELP
MP-MLQ | Voice over IP |
| ITU-T G.728 | 16 | LD-CELP | Long distance telephone |
| ITU-T G.729 | 8 | CS-ACELP | Voice over IP / Digital satellite / HQ digital radio |
ETSI GSM
full rate | 13 | RPE-LTP | European Mobile telephony |
ETSI GSM
half rate | 5.6 | VSELP | European Mobile telephony |
ETSI GSM
enhanced full rate | 13 | ACELP | European Mobile telephony (1.8 GHz band) |
MPEG-4 Sound Field Synthesis ![[Studio]](img/studio.jpg)
Spectral Band Replication (SBR)
SBR is a technique to virtually enhance the frequency response by
"guessing" the upper audio signal by the lower audio signal and
some additional data bits.
See www.codingtechnologies.com/technology/.
There are some hints that it is like that this becomes a future MPEG standard, see here.
Examples:
Other SBR technique:
Still remaining: ePAC, RM, MOV, WMA, ASF, . . .
Lossless Audio Compression
Digital Audio Recording Equipment (black living room 17" / 43 cm equipment)
DVD-5 (12 cm, SS/SL) 4.37 gig ( 4.70 BB)
DVD-9 (12 cm, SS/DL) 7.95 gig ( 8.54 BB)
DVD-10 (12 cm, DS/SL) 8.74 gig ( 9.40 BB)
DVD-14 (12 cm, DS/ML) 12.32 gig (13.24 BB)
DVD-18 (12 cm, DS/DL) 15.90 gig (17.08 BB)
DVD-1 ( 8 cm, SS/SL) 1.36 gig ( 1.46 BB)
DVD-2 ( 8 cm, SS/DL) 2.47 gig ( 2.66 BB)
DVD-3 ( 8 cm, DS/SL) 2.72 gig ( 2.92 BB)
DVD-4 ( 8 cm, DS/DL) 4.95 gig ( 5.32 BB)
DVD-R 1.0 (12 cm, SS/SL) 3.68 gig ( 3.95 BB)
DVD-R 2.0 (12 cm, SS/SL) 4.37 gig ( 4.70 BB)
DVD-R 2.0 (12 cm, DS/SL) 8.75 gig ( 9.40 BB) rare!
DVD-RW 2.0 (12 cm, SS/SL) 4.37 gig ( 4.70 BB)
DVD-RW 2.0 (12 cm, DS/SL) 8.75 gig ( 9.40 BB) rare!
DVD-RAM 1.0 (12 cm, SS/SL) 2.40 gig ( 2.58 BB)
DVD-RAM 1.0 (12 cm, DS/SL) 4.80 gig ( 5.16 BB)
DVD-RAM 2.0 (12 cm, SS/SL) 4.37 gig ( 4.70 BB)
DVD-RAM 2.0 (12 cm, DS/SL) 8.75 gig ( 9.40 BB)
DVD-RAM 2.0 ( 8 cm, SS/SL) 1.36 gig ( 1.46 BB)
DVD-RAM 2.0 ( 8 cm, DS/SL) 2.47 gig ( 2.65 BB)
CD-ROM (12 cm, SS/SL) 0.635 gig ( 0.650 BB)
CD-ROM ( 8 cm, SS/SL) 0.180 gig ( 0.194 BB)
DDCD-ROM (12 cm, SS/SL) 1.270 gig ( 1.364 BB)
DDCD-ROM ( 8 cm, SS/SL) 0.360 gig ( 0.387 BB)
Note, there are also other digital audio formats, but they are not high quality (example: VTR Hi8 digital audio)
WinAMP and XMMS plugins
WinAMP Input-Plugins: 
XMMS Input-Plugins: 
CD/DVD sellers + Information (German):
- JPC + riesiges Angebot/Cover und Tracklist/Soundfiles/Zahlung per RE, BE - fast nur Sampler (div. Interpreten)
- Total Recall + sehr großes Angebot, Zahlung per KK, BE, NN, RE - unübersichtliche Site, keine Infos
- Cyber CD + großes Angebot, Zahlung per KK (SSL), LS, NN +/- teilweise Cover und Tracklist
- Music Flash + Zahlung per KK (SSL), LS, VK, NN, Infos, Cover und Tracklist, Soundfiles - viele Artikel sind "ausverkauft", langsamer Server
- Amazon
- Music Line
- Primus
- Evendi
- Abella
Room Acostic:
Disclaimer: (in German)
Mit Urteil vom 12. Mai 1998 hat das Landgericht Hamburg entschieden, daß man durch die Ausbringung eines Links die Inhalte der gelinkten Seite ggf. mit zu verantworten hat. Dies kann - so das Landgericht - nur dadurch verhindert werden, daß man sich ausdrücklich von diesen Inhalten distanziert.
Für alle auf diesen Seiten aufgeführten Links gilt:
Ich möchte ausdrücklich betonen, daß ich keinerlei Einfluß auf die Gestaltung und die Inhalte der gelinkten Seiten habe. Deshalb distanziere ich mich hiermit ausdrücklich von allen Inhalten aller gelinkten Seiten auf meiner Homepage und mache mir deren Inhalte nicht zu eigen. Diese Erklärung gilt für alle auf meiner Homepage ausgebrachten Links und für alle Inhalte der Seiten, zu denen die Banner und Links führen.
Last modified: 2002-05-27 Visitors: 
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