LibSndfile says VOX files are single channel files at a samplerate of 8 kHz.
There is currently no way to tell LAME to overrule what LibSndfile says.
robert@sly:~/Audio/lame-070912> sox ../1.wav -r8000 1.vox
robert@sly:~/Audio/lame-070912> ./frontend/lame -v 1.vox
LAME 3.98 (beta 5, Sep 12 2007) 32bits (http://www.mp3dev.org/)
CPU features: MMX (ASM used), 3DNow! (ASM used), SSE (ASM used), SSE2
Using polyphase lowpass filter, transition band: 3903 Hz - 4000 Hz
Encoding 1.vox to 1.vox.mp3
Encoding as 8 kHz VBR(q=4) single-ch MPEG-2.5 Layer III (ca. 10x) qval=0
Frame | CPU time/estim | REAL time/estim | play/CPU | ETA
5203/5203 (100%)| 0:02/ 0:02| 0:02/ 0:02| 173.43x| 0:00
8 [ 15] *
16 [ 889] ********************************
24 [2259] ********************************************************************************
32 [ 114] *****
40 [ 531] *******************
48 [ 653] ************************
56 [ 685] *************************
64 [ 57] ***
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kbps mono % long switch short %
32.1 100.0 32.4 29.6 38.1
Writing LAME Tag...done
ReplayGain: +4.7dB
robert@sly:~/Audio/lame-070912> ll 1.vox*
-rw-r--r-- 1 robert users 1497322 12. Sep 14:39 1.vox
-rw-r--r-- 1 robert users 1501488 12. Sep 14:39 1.vox.mp3
(edit: added code blocks)
PS: You can build LAME with LibSndfile support on Windows too